Various statins have different characteristics in terms of halflife, structure, lipophilicity, and potency 9. One of the main differences between the type 1 and type 2 statins is the replacement of the butyryl group of type 1 statins by the fluorophenyl group of type 2 statins. If youre concerned about this risk, talk to your doctor. Liver enzymes specifically, the cytochrome p450 liver enzymes are responsible for eliminating all statins from the body with the exception of pravastatin and rosuvastatin. Dosage adjustment may be needed based on renal function, race, or drug interactions. Statins, also known as hmgcoa reductase inhibitors, are a class of lipidlowering medications that reduce illness and mortality in those who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Statins are usually used in combination with lifestyle measures, such as. Statin dose comparison the chart below shows statin doses expected to provide similar ldl reduction. For information on non statins, see our chart, nonstatin lipidlowering agents. This causes a slight increase in your risk of type 2 diabetes. For every drop of scientific evidence that statins are safe and effective, there is a tidal wave of misinformation. Statins are frequently well toleratedwith the most common adverse effectsbeing transient gastrointestinal symptoms,headache, myalgia and dizziness. They are the most common cholesterollowering drugs. Reducing the amount of saturated fat and cholesterol in your diet helps lower your blood cholesterol level.
Statins may also cause the glucose sugar levels in your blood to rise. This is an inherited condition caused by a genetic fault that leads to high cholesterol levels, even in people who have a generally healthy lifestyle. Several classes of lipidmodify ing drugs are available. Statins have cholesterol and noncholesterol pleiotropic effects.
One statin, crestor rosuvastatin, was the third topselling drug in the u. A 2014 assessment found that intolerance of statins is a real issue usually noted as musclerelated symptoms. A perspective on asians article pdf available in international journal of endocrinology and metabolism in pressin press april 2017. Atorvastatin lipitor and torvast, simvastatin zocor and lipex, lovastatin mevacor. Statin drugs listed by trade name and generic name. Get expert information about cholesterol including risk factors, types of cholesterol and managing cholesterol levels. High blood cholesterol is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease and for stroke. Read about statins, cholesterol lowering medications like levacor, zocor, pravachol, lipitor, crestor, and more. The most common side effects reported with statins include. Siobhra osullivan, 4th year medicine statins have cholesterol and noncholesterol pleiotropic effects statins are central in the prevention of cardiovascular events associated with increased blood lipids and atherosclerotic lesions.
Some types of statin should be taken in the evening. Cholesterol is transported through your blood stream by lipoproteins. Having too much cholesterol in your blood increases your risk of heart attacks and strokes. Comparative effect of statins and types of physical exercise. Human subjects treated with statins have shown a reduction in the number of bone fractures 4. Although angiographic modifications following statin therapy were modest, clinical benefits that accompanied. Statins have antiatherosclerotic effects, that positively correlate with the.
Effects of different types of statins on lipid profile. Statins countermand the proproliferative and as well as the promigrative effect of hgf on huvecs. Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of statins in. The effects of different types of statins on proliferation. Fibrates are especially good for lowering triglyceride blood fat levels and have a mild ldllowering action. Pharmacologic characteristics of statins wiley online library. Effect of different types of statins on kidney function. Statins can sometimes interact with other medicines, increasing the risk of unpleasant side effects, such as muscle damage. Type 2 statins statins that are fully synthetic and have larger groups linked to the hmglike moiety are often referred to as type 2 statins. Our patients are concerned about statin side effects theyve heard about from family or friends, or read about on the internet. This enzyme is called hydroxymethylglutarylcoenzyme a reductase hmgcoa reductase. Statins are a class of drugs often prescribed by doctors to help lower cholesterol levels in the blood. However, it remains unclear whether specific types of statins are more beneficial than others regarding slowing down kidney function decline and lowering proteinuria.
Check with your doctor whether theres a particular time of day you should take your statin. The mechanisms which provoke this effect are dependent on the type of statin. Jul 17, 2017 statins are a type of medications used to reduce levels of cholesterol in the blood. This emedtv page offers a statin drug list, including an outline of all of the statins including combination statins available in the united states. Its very important to read the information leaflet that comes with your medication, to check if there are any interactions you should be aware of.
Statins are the goldstandard for high cholesterol treatment. Lowdensity lipoprotein ldl carriers of cholesterol play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease via the mechanisms. Previous studies showed that statins reduce the progression of kidney function decline and proteinuria, but whether specific types of statins are more beneficial than others remains unclear. Its very important to read the information leaflet that comes with your medicine to check if there are any interactions you should be aware of. Statins are commonly used to treat high cholesterol and prevent related health conditions. Statins statins are a type of medication used to lower the level of cholesterol in the blood and protect the insides of the artery walls. Direct interactions of statins with lipid rafts play a significant role in the endothelial cell mechanisms. The first type of interaction involves the enzymes responsible for the elimination of statins by the liver. By inhibiting this enzyme, cholesterol and ldlcholesterol production is decreased.
Ldl or lowdensity lipoproteins and hdl or high density lipoprotein. Being overweight is a risk factor for heart disease. Aug 23, 2018 statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol levels that were initially identified in the early 1970s from penicillium and aspergillus fungi. Muscle pain is the most common side effect caused by statin use. Statins can also be used to treat people with familial hypercholesterolaemia. You want to lower the bad kind, ldl, and triglycerides, which your body stores in fat cells. Pdf effects of different types of statins on lipid profile. When considering a statin medication, several different types of this medication are available. Comparative effect of statins and types of physical. Some people should not take simvastatin, including those with allergies to the following inactive ingredients in the pill.
For information on nonstatins, see our chart, nonstatin lipidlowering agents. Aug 23, 2018 the statins are most often grouped in two types. When choosing a statin dose, expected ldl reduction is not the only factor to consider. Statins block the enzyme in the liver that is responsible for making cholesterol. High levels of cholesterol can lead to fatty deposits building up in your arteries which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and can lead to angina, heart attack and stroke. Statins also cause myopathy, rhabdomyolsisand an increase serum transaminase. Nov 12, 2019 previous studies showed that statins reduce the progression of kidney function decline and proteinuria, but whether specific types of statins are more beneficial than others remains unclear. Scientifically, statins are referred to as hmgcoa reductase inhibitors. Zetia ezetimibe is a different type of cholesterol lowering. Type i statins maintain close structural homology to mevastatin, the first.
This emedtv segment provides a complete list of all statin drugs that are available in the united states at this time and offers links to specific information. Natural or type 1 statins were originally identified as secondary metabolites of fungi lovastatin, simvastatin, mevastatin and pravastatin. Nov 23, 2015 comparison of pitavastatin to other statins. These symptoms are more commonwith higher doses and may solve ifa different statin is used 28. Inhibition of the expression of type a scavenger re. One of the first blockbuster statins, simvastatin was approved by the fda in 1991. The bioavailability of the statins differs greatly, from 5% for lovastatin and simvastatin to 60% or. Saturated fat is the main culprit, but cholesterol in foods also matters. Statins include atorvastatin lipitor, fluvastatin lescol xl, lovastatin altoprev, pitavastatin livalo, pravastatin pravachol, rosuvastatin crestor, ezallor and simvastatin zocor, flolipid. Statins also increase the number of ldl receptors on liver cells, which enhances.
We will include randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized experimental studies, and controlled prepost studies assessing the effect in the. Statins also called hmgcoa reductase inhibitors block an enzyme called hmgcoa reductase that is involved in the synthesis of mevalonate, a precursor to sterols such as cholesterol. The statin use may require that the warfarin dose be changed, as some statins increase the effect of warfarin. Statins cannot cure these conditions, but they can help prevent them getting worse or recurring in people who have been diagnosed with them. Saturated fat and cholesterol in the food you eat make your blood cholesterol level go up. The beneficial effects of statins are the result of their capacity to reduce cholesterol biosyntesis, mainly in. There are various types of statins prescribed worldwide. Pitavastatin is a fully synthetic hmgcoa reductase inhibitor, and one of the most widely prescribed statins in asia. They can also reduce the chance of cvd developing in the first place in people at risk. Some types of statin can also interact with grapefruit juice.
Before considering the use of a secondline alternative drug, patients should try statin rechallenge, alternative regimens, doses, or types of statins. Patients, together with their healthcare providers, must weigh the risk of drug discontinuation versus the benefits before making permanent decisions about the management of statin intolerance. Find out the most common types, the most important uses, and the risks of statins here. We therefore performed a network metaanalysis of randomized. The discovery of statins has led to an important progress in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. By lowering the levels, they help prevent heart attacks and stroke. In patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, the percent ldlc lowering with rosuvastatin and atorvastatin was similar to that found in.
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